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世聯(lián)翻譯公司 金融英語閱讀
發(fā)布時間：2016-11-23 16:47 點(diǎn)擊：
金融英語閱讀 1 ：“The Market”Is aConcept世聯(lián)翻譯-讓世界自由溝通！專業(yè)的全球語言翻譯供應(yīng)商，上海翻譯公司專業(yè)品牌。絲路沿線56種語言一站式翻譯與技術(shù)解決方案，專業(yè)英語翻譯、日語翻譯等文檔翻譯、同傳口譯、視頻翻譯、出國外派服務(wù)，加速您的全球交付。 世聯(lián)翻譯公司在北京、上海、深圳等國際交往城市設(shè)有翻譯基地，業(yè)務(wù)覆蓋全國城市。每天有近百萬字節(jié)的信息和貿(mào)易通過世聯(lián)走向全球！積累了大量政商用戶數(shù)據(jù)，翻譯人才庫數(shù)據(jù)，多語種語料庫大數(shù)據(jù)。世聯(lián)品牌和服務(wù)品質(zhì)已得到政務(wù)防務(wù)和國際組織、跨國公司和大中型企業(yè)等近萬用戶的認(rèn)可。
Is the market a place? Or a thing? Neither, really. It's a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale, you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some in your little stand by the roadside and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them. If you mow lawns to earn money, you are producing a service for the market. If your father a steelworker or a bricklayer or a truck driver or a dentist or a grocer, he is producing goods or services for the market. 市場是一個地方嗎？是一樣?xùn)|西嗎？都不是，真的。市場是一個概念。如果你在自家的后院種番茄出售，你是在給市場提供產(chǎn)品。你可以將一些蔬菜賣給鄰居，將一些蔬菜擺在路邊的小攤上出售，將一些蔬菜賣給當(dāng)?shù)爻壥袌龅慕?jīng)理，在任何一種情況下，你都是在給市場提供產(chǎn)品。你的努力都是在市場的引導(dǎo)下作出的。如果人們不買你的番茄，你就不會種番茄。如果你割草掙錢，你是在為市場提供勞務(wù)。如果你父親是鋼鐵工人，或者是瓦匠，或者是卡車司機(jī)，或者是牙醫(yī)，或者是開食品雜貨店的，他也正在給市場提供商品或者勞務(wù)。 When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market. 當(dāng)你花錢時，你是在市場上購買東西。你可以在商店、超級市場、氣站和餐館花錢，你還是在市場上購買東西。當(dāng)本地的雜貨店雇你開送貨車，他是在勞動力市場上購買你的勞動。 The market may seem to be a fuzzy sort of thing. But for each person（or business） who is making and selling something, it's very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It's telling you that you are using your energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you to do. 市場似乎是一種含糊不清的東西，但是，對一個正在生產(chǎn)商品的人（或一家企業(yè)），它是實(shí)實(shí)在在的。如果誰也不買你的番茄，不需要很長時間你就會得到信息。市場在告訴你一些道理，他在對你說，你做事所花的精力和使用的資源是市場上所不需要的。 金融英語閱讀 2 ：The Money in a Bank The banks are commercial enterprises and like many other businesses are organized as companies which are owned by shareholders. These shareholders, or their predecessors, provided the money to set up the banks and to enlarge them. This money is known as a bank’s capital. But the shareholders' money is only a small part of the total amount of money which the clearing banks have at their command. Who provided the rest of this enormous sum? The banks' customers. Banks, in effect, borrow from their customers as well as lend to them. 銀行是商業(yè)企業(yè)，它的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和其它企業(yè)一樣，是由股東共同擁有的公司型組織。這些股東，或者是公司創(chuàng)始人，提供資金設(shè)立銀行，并擴(kuò)大資金規(guī)模。這筆資金被稱為銀行的資本金。但是，股東的資金僅僅是資金總額中的一小部分，并由清算銀行控制。其余的大量資金由誰來提供呢？由銀行的客戶來提供。實(shí)際上，銀行從客戶那里借來資金，并向他們提供貸款。 The money which a bank obtains from its customers is generally known as its “deposits” and represents the balances which customers keep on their accounts with their banks. These accounts are of two main kinds: current accounts on which customers can draw cheques but receive no interest, and deposit and savings accounts on which the banks pay interest for the use of the money. 銀行從其客戶那里得到的錢，一般被稱為“存款”，代表客戶在銀行賬戶上持有的余額。這些賬戶主要有兩種：一種是活期存款，客戶可以對其開出支票，但沒有利息，另一種是儲蓄存款賬戶，銀行使用賬上的資金要支付利息。
Many people --private individuals, manufacturers, traders, companies and official bodies --choose to keep part of heir resources in the form of money. They need to do this mainly because they are continually having to make payments for the goods and services which they are buying and because they want to have resources immediately available. They could meet these requirements by keeping a stock of cash in the form of bank-notes and coin. But while notes and coins are a practical way of carrying out some small transactions, cash payments are a cumbersome, costly and, unfortunately, sometimes a dangerous method of settling most payments, especially if the money has to be sent any distance. It is more convenient, safer and more efficient to settle payments either by cheques drawn on a bank account, or through the banks’ credit transfer. Most of the payments made by businesses and Government in Britain and a large part of the payments made by private individuals are settled through the clearing banks. 許多人——個人、生產(chǎn)廠家、商人、公司和政府機(jī)構(gòu)——選擇持有一部分現(xiàn)金資產(chǎn)。這樣做的主要原因是他們必須為其所購買的商品和勞務(wù)支付款項(xiàng)，想在手頭留有現(xiàn)金。他們持有銀行鈔票和硬幣作為現(xiàn)金儲備，以滿足日常需要。然而，雖然在進(jìn)行小筆交易時一般都用現(xiàn)鈔、硬幣支付，但是對大多數(shù)結(jié)算來說，用現(xiàn)金支付既不方便、費(fèi)用又高，有時甚至還有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這風(fēng)險(xiǎn)尤其存在于異地寄送現(xiàn)金。結(jié)算支付既可以用開立支票從其銀行戶頭付賬的方式，也可以通過銀行貸方劃撥，這樣做更方便、更安全，而且效率更高。由英國政府和企業(yè)作出的絕大部分支付，以及由私人作出的大部分支付都是通過清算銀行來進(jìn)行的。 The main reasons why customers keep money on accounts with commercial banks can be summarized as follows: --the banks provide an efficient and convenient method of making payments（ cheques, bank giros, standing orders etc.）. --a bank deposit is safer and less troublesome than keeping a stock of cash. A commercial bank undertakes to provide cash on demand to a customer who keeps money on current account, and after a few day’s notice to deposit account customers. --banks pay interest on deposit and savings accounts. --banks provide their customers with many other useful services. They will, for example, look after valuables, deal with investments, make payments to businesses and people abroad and provide financial information. --banks will lend money to their customers. For many purposes, “money in the bank” is money in its most convenient form. 客戶在商業(yè)銀行賬戶上存錢的主要原因可以概括如下： ——銀行提供高效便捷的支付方式（支票、銀行直接貸記劃款單、銀行本票等）。 ——銀行存款比持有現(xiàn)金更安全，麻煩也少。商業(yè)銀行承諾，有活期存款的客戶可以隨時提現(xiàn)，也可以在存款客戶通知幾天以后提現(xiàn)。 ——銀行對儲蓄存款支付利息。 ——銀行向其客戶提供許多其它有用的服務(wù)。例如，保管貴重物品，辦理投資業(yè)務(wù)，對國外企業(yè)和個人進(jìn)行支付，以及提供金融信息。 ——銀行向其客戶提供貸款。 金融英語閱讀 3 ：財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
There are two basic financial statements: the balance sheet and the operations statement. The balance sheet shows the firm's condition on the last day of the accounting period. It shows what the business owns and what it owes to its creditors or its owners. A business is always in a state of equilibrium. In other words, what it owns is equal to what it owes. This is expressed in the fo11owing accounting formula: 基本財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表有兩種：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表和營業(yè)狀況表。資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表顯示會計(jì)期最后一天的公司財(cái)務(wù)狀況，表明該企業(yè)擁有的資產(chǎn)情況和欠債權(quán)人或股東的債務(wù)情況。一家企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)應(yīng)始終保持平衡狀態(tài)，換言之，它所擁有的資產(chǎn)與所欠的債務(wù)保持相等。這一狀況用下列會計(jì)公式表示： Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+所有者權(quán)益 The operations statement is also referred to as a profit and loss statement or an income and expense statement. It shows how much profit or loss was generated by the operations of the firm during the accounting period. In this case, operations may be considered as sales of goods or services. The profit from sales after direct costs for producing the goods or services have been deducted is called gross income or gross profit. While income is produced, however, the business has certain other expenses--indirect costs related to the production of that income, such as general or selling expenses. The balance that is left when these further expenses are deducted is called net income or net profit. 營業(yè)狀況表是指損益計(jì)算書，它表明在該會計(jì)期間企業(yè)經(jīng)營所產(chǎn)生的盈利或虧損情況。在這樣的情況下，經(jīng)營被認(rèn)為是銷售產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)。銷售減去產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)成本后的收益是毛收入或毛利�？墒�，企業(yè)收入產(chǎn)生的同時，會有一些費(fèi)用 --與產(chǎn)生收入有關(guān)的間接成本，如管理或銷售費(fèi)用，在進(jìn)一步扣減這些費(fèi)用后剩下的余額就是凈收入或凈利潤。 Another basic financial statement is the statement of changes in financial position. It is compiled to show an increase or decrease in working capital during the accounting period and how the change arose. 另一種基本財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表是財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動表，編制這一報(bào)表是為了說明在該會計(jì)期間流動資金的增加或減少，以及產(chǎn)生 化的情況。 金融英語閱讀 4 ：存款賬戶 Deposit accounts, together with savings accounts, represent the simplest form of bank account. The customer deposits funds and withdraws them as required. No chequebook is issued on this type of account. Therefore, the formalities of opening an account are simple, Often there is no need for a reference, the customer's name, address and occupation, together with a specimen signature and an initial deposit being all that are needed. 存款賬戶，和儲蓄賬戶一起，是銀行賬戶的基本形式，客戶按規(guī)定存、取款。此種類型的賬戶不能開支票，所以，開戶的手續(xù)很簡單。一般無需證明人，只需客戶的姓名、住址、職業(yè)，連同簽字樣本和開戶金額即可。 Payments into a deposit account, which can consist of cash, cheques, postal orders and so on, may be made at the branch where the account is maintained or at any other branch of the bank. Funds may be withdrawn to the amount of the credit balance on the account normally only at the branch where it is maintained, although some banks do permit limited withdrawals at other branches. Withdrawals are subject to the required period of notice --often seven days. But in practice, prior notice is not always insisted upon, provided that the amounts required are not too large. 客戶可以用現(xiàn)金、支票、郵局匯款單等，在開戶行或任何其他營業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)，向其存款賬戶上存款�？蛻粢话阒荒軓拈_戶行有貸方余額的賬戶上取款，雖然有的銀行確實(shí)允許在其他營業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)限額取款。取款需事先通知，一般要提前七天。但在實(shí)際操作中，只要提取的金額不大，并不一定非要提前通知。
